Shor 9-Qubit Code | First Quantum Error-Correcting Code
Quick Technical Answer:
The Shor 9-qubit code, introduced in 1995, was the first demonstrated quantum error-correcting code. It concatenates a 3-qubit phase-flip code with a 3-qubit bit-flip code, protecting 1 logical qubit against any single physical X, Y, or Z error.
Formula / Unitary:
|0_L\rangle = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}(|000\rangle + |111\rangle)(|000\rangle + |111\rangle)(|000\rangle + |111\rangle)
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Frequently Asked Questions
Why was the Shor 9-qubit code a milestone for quantum computing?
Prior to Shor's 1995 paper, it was widely believed that quantum computing was physically impossible due to the continuous nature of quantum errors and the no-cloning theorem. Shor proved discrete error digitizing was possible.